Monkeypox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with monkeypox virus. The natural reservoir of monkeypox remains unknown, however, African rodents and non-human primates (like monkeys) may harbour the virus and infect people. Monkeypox is endemic in certain parts of Central and West Africa, but it does not occur naturally in North America. Prior reports of sporadic cases in non-endemic countries were linked to international travel to or imported animals from endemic countries.
Since the beginning of May 2022, there have been over 100 cases of monkeypox virus reported outside of Africa, including Spain, the United Kingdom, Israel, Canada, the USA, and Australia. It is not clear how individuals were exposed, and no source of infection has been confirmed. On May 20, 2022, public health authorities confirmed two cases of monkeypox in Quebec, with a third case in Massachusetts (USA) in an individual with travel history to Quebec. Further cases have been subsequently confirmed in Canada.
Ontario’s Chief Medical Officer of Health issued an order requiring physicians and nurses to report to their local Public Health Unit any patient who meets the case definition for monkeypox so that appropriate investigation, case and contact management can occur.
While the risk of exposure is low at this time, it is important that paramedics be aware of the signs and symptoms of monkeypox so that they can take appropriate measures to protect themselves and the community. The existing precautions, including appropriate use of PPE, will mitigate the risk of infection. The linked Qs & As provide additional information about monkeypox symptoms, transmission and precautionary measures.
Please continue to take care, and stay safe.
(Original signed by)
Jennifer Shield